Window Functions in SQL | My Little DevBlog

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🖋️ Window Functions

Window functions are generally applied after aggregate functions like MAX(), MIN(), AVG() to perform calculations across a set of table rows(days before, days after) that are related to the current row(current day).

Example Table 1: `employees`

employee_id	department_id	salary
1	101	5000
2	101	6000
3	101	5500
4	102	7000
5	102	7200
6	102	6800

Example 1: `OVER()` Without Partitioning

Calculate the average salary for all employees:

Result:

employee_id	department_id	salary	avg_salary_all_departments
1	101	5000	6250
2	101	6000	6250
3	101	5500	6250
4	102	7000	6250
5	102	7200	6250
6	102	6800	6250

Example 2: `PARTITION BY`

Calculate the average salary per department:

Result:

employee_id	department_id	salary	avg_salary_per_department
1	101	5000	5500
2	101	6000	5500
3	101	5500	5500
4	102	7000	7000
5	102	7200	7000
6	102	6800	7000

Example 3: `ORDER BY` with Ranking

Rank employees by salary within their departments:

Result:

employee_id	department_id	salary	salary_rank
2	101	6000	1
3	101	5500	2
1	101	5000	3
5	102	7200	1
4	102	7000	2
6	102	6800	3

Example Table 2: `orders`

order_id	order_date	order_total
1	2023-01-01	100
2	2023-01-03	200
3	2023-01-05	150
4	2023-01-07	250
5	2023-01-09	300

Example 4: `RANGE` with Date Intervals

Sum the total orders in the last 7 days for each row: (INTERVAL 6 because included CURRENT ROW)

Result:

order_id	order_date	order_total	sum_last_7_days
1	2023-01-01	100	100
2	2023-01-03	200	300
3	2023-01-05	150	450
4	2023-01-07	250	700
5	2023-01-09	300	950

Example 5: `ROWS` Between Preceding and Following

Calculate the sum of order totals for the current row and the 2 preceding rows:

Result:

order_id	order_date	order_total	sum_last_3_orders
1	2023-01-01	100	100
2	2023-01-03	200	300
3	2023-01-05	150	450
4	2023-01-07	250	600
5	2023-01-09	300	700

References sheet

After max()…

OVER(…): Applied over ...

PARTITION BY: Used to divide by ...

ORDER BY [DESC]

ROWS [BETWEEN...AND]

n PRECEDING

n FOLLOWING

CURRENT ROW

UNBOUNDED PRECEDING All before

UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING All after

RANGE [BETWEEN...AND]

INTERVAL 'n' DAY

🖋️ Window Functions

Example Table 1: employees

Example 1: OVER() Without Partitioning

Example 2: PARTITION BY

Example 3: ORDER BY with Ranking

Example Table 2: orders

Example 4: RANGE with Date Intervals

Example 5: ROWS Between Preceding and Following

References sheet

Example Table 1: `employees`

Example 1: `OVER()` Without Partitioning

Example 2: `PARTITION BY`

Example 3: `ORDER BY` with Ranking

Example Table 2: `orders`

Example 4: `RANGE` with Date Intervals

Example 5: `ROWS` Between Preceding and Following